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The US Two Cent Piece 1864 Small Motto Extra Fine is a fascinating artifact of American history, notable both for its historical context and its numismatic significance. Authorized by the Act of April 22, 1864, the Two Cent piece emerged during the turmoil of the Civil War, a time when coinage was scarce and the public had lost confidence in paper currency. The introduction of a bronze two-cent piece helped alleviate the small change shortage gripping the North. It also marked a momentous occasion in American coinage, as the Two Cent piece was the first coin to bear the motto "In God We Trust," a phrase that would later become ubiquitous across U.S. coinage. The 1864 Small Motto variety is particularly important within the series, representing an early and scarce variant from the first year of issue, adding an extra layer of interest and desirability for collectors today.
The obverse design of the 1864 Two Cent piece features a patriotic shield at the center, symbolizing defense and unity. Designed by James B. Longacre, the Chief Engraver of the United States Mint, the shield is flanked by olive branches on each side, symbolizing peace. Above the shield is a flowing ribbon bearing the historic motto "IN GOD WE TRUST," set in relatively small lettering for the Small Motto variety. The date "1864" appears prominently below the shield. The artistic balance of strength and hope, captured through the shield and olive branches, reflects the national sentiment of a country yearning for peace amid the chaos of civil war. In Extra Fine condition, the shield’s vertical lines and crossbars are still strong and well-defined, with only slight wear visible on the highest points, preserving much of the original detail that conveys the boldness and intent behind Longacre’s design.
The reverse of the 1864 Two Cent piece continues the theme of national strength and prosperity. At the center is the denomination "2 CENTS" framed by a laurel wreath, a traditional symbol of victory and honor. Around the outer edge of the coin are the words "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA." The wreath’s fine leaves, the detailed bows, and the bold lettering create a strong yet elegant image, reinforcing the coin’s message of national resilience. In Extra Fine condition, most of the leaf details are clearly visible, although the highest points may show light wear. The rims remain strong and intact, and the overall visual appeal remains high, with the reverse design conveying both the artistry and the optimism that characterized the United States during one of its most challenging periods.
The 1864 Two Cent piece was minted exclusively at the Philadelphia Mint, as no branch mints produced two-cent pieces during the coin’s short run from 1864 to 1873. The total mintage for the 1864 issue was substantial at approximately 19.8 million coins, but only a fraction of that total represents the desirable Small Motto variety. The Small Motto coins were struck early in the year before a redesign enlarged the motto for better visibility and more pleasing aesthetics. Identifying a Small Motto variety requires careful examination; the letters in "IN GOD WE TRUST" are more delicate and widely spaced compared to the later Large Motto version. The rarity of the Small Motto variant makes it a key issue for specialists and an essential piece for any serious Two Cent collection. Its relative scarcity and historical importance ensure that demand remains strong among collectors today.
The condition of the US Two Cent Piece 1864 Small Motto Extra Fine reveals a coin that has seen limited circulation yet retains a significant amount of original detail. In Extra Fine grade, the major design elements such as the shield’s crossbars, the olive branches, and the laurel wreath on the reverse are all well defined. Light, even wear is evident on the highest points of the design, but it does not obscure the coin’s overall sharpness or diminish its historical appeal. The fields between devices remain relatively smooth, and any surface marks are typically minor and consistent with honest circulation. Coloration on a bronze coin of this age often includes rich chocolate brown tones, sometimes with hints of original red remaining in protected areas. Overall, an Extra Fine 1864 Small Motto Two Cent piece presents an attractive and sharply detailed example of this important Civil War-era issue.
Authenticity and accurate attribution are crucial when dealing with the 1864 Small Motto variety, given its higher value compared to the more common Large Motto type. Key identifying features include the smaller, more delicate font used in the motto, with wide spacing between the words and a taller, thinner appearance of individual letters. On a certified Extra Fine example, these distinguishing details remain easily visible, providing reassurance to the collector of the coin’s true identity and desirability. Many serious collectors and dealers rely on third-party certification services like NGC or PCGS to verify authenticity and grade, adding further confidence when acquiring a piece as significant as the 1864 Small Motto Two Cent.
The broader historical context of the 1864 Two Cent piece enhances its significance in the world of numismatics. At the height of the Civil War, Americans faced economic uncertainty, and precious metal coinage disappeared from everyday commerce, hoarded or melted for its bullion value. The introduction of base metal coinage such as the bronze Two Cent piece marked a critical innovation, restoring public trust in small denomination coinage. Additionally, the appearance of "In God We Trust" on the coin reflected the deeply religious sentiments of the era and the national desire to acknowledge divine providence during a period of intense strife and sacrifice. The Two Cent piece thus represents not just a solution to a practical economic problem, but also a profound statement of American values during one of its most defining eras.
The market for US Two Cent Pieces, particularly the 1864 Small Motto variety in Extra Fine condition, remains strong and vibrant. Collectors value the issue’s historical significance, its relatively short production lifespan, and its important place in the evolution of American coinage. Because the Small Motto variant is scarcer than the Large Motto, it is frequently targeted by collectors aiming to complete a comprehensive Two Cent set or those specializing in Civil War-era coinage. Prices for Extra Fine examples remain accessible compared to higher Mint State grades, making it a desirable acquisition for both advanced collectors and newcomers seeking to build a meaningful and historically rich collection. Demand for well-preserved specimens ensures that the 1864 Small Motto Two Cent piece maintains an important place in the market, appreciated for its combination of rarity, artistry, and profound historical context.
The US Two Cent Piece 1864 Small Motto Extra Fine stands as a testament to American resilience, innovation, and faith during one of the most trying periods in national history. With its historic first use of the "In God We Trust" motto, its bold and patriotic design by James B. Longacre, and its significance in Civil War-era economic policy, this coin occupies a unique and cherished place in U.S. numismatic heritage. In Extra Fine condition, it offers collectors an opportunity to own a well-preserved and visually appealing piece of American history, one that continues to inspire pride, reflection, and admiration nearly 160 years after its creation.