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The Certified 1820/19 Large Cent with the Large Date variety, graded VF25 by NGC, is a remarkable example of early American copper coinage and an exciting variety for collectors of U.S. Large Cents. The 1820-dated cents are part of the Matron Head type, which spanned from 1816 to 1835 and was designed by Robert Scot, with later refinements by Chief Engraver John Reich. This specific example features a 2 over 1 overdate—an 1820 cent struck using a repunched 1819 die—and the Large Date subtype, which is one of several known date punch variations for the year. Graded VF25 by NGC, this coin retains considerable detail while showing honest wear, with strong collector interest driven by its variety status, age, and numismatic appeal.
In terms of design, the obverse features the Matron Head portrait of Liberty, facing left, wearing a coronet inscribed with the word “LIBERTY.” Thirteen stars encircle her head, representing the original colonies, with the date “1820” placed below. The Large Date version is characterized by bold, tall numerals, with the “2” in the date having a long base and the “0” nearly closed and circular. The overdate 2/1 variety is visible under magnification, where traces of the underlying “1” beneath the “2” can still be observed in the date. This combination of a large date punch and visible overdate makes the coin a distinct variety that stands out within the series.
The reverse design displays a classic agricultural wreath encircling the denomination “ONE CENT,” all enclosed within the legend “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.” The wreath is tied at the bottom with a bow, and the lettering is bold and evenly spaced. Even in VF25 condition, most of the design elements remain clear, with visible details in the wreath's leaves and the lettering of both the central device and surrounding inscriptions. While some blending and softening of high points is expected at this grade, the overall layout and aesthetic remain appealing and legible.
The 1820 Large Cent was struck at the Philadelphia Mint, as were all U.S. cents prior to 1838. The Mint had resumed regular production of copper coinage in 1816 after a brief hiatus, and the Matron Head design marked a more neoclassical style compared to its predecessor, the Classic Head. Production totals for 1820 were significant by early 19th-century standards, with approximately 4.4 million pieces struck. However, within that mintage, a variety of die marriages and date punches exist—including the Large Date and Small Date variants, as well as overdates like the 2/1—which make the year a hotspot for variety specialists. The overdate is believed to have resulted from economy-driven die reuse, where a leftover 1819 die was modified for 1820 service.
The VF25 grade assigned by NGC (Numismatic Guaranty Company) indicates a coin in “Very Fine” condition, with moderate wear on the high points but strong design detail remaining across the surfaces. On this example, the hairlines in Liberty’s portrait will show flattening, but features such as the coronet, facial contour, and portions of the hair are still well defined. The stars and date remain bold and clear, and the reverse should display solid wreath definition with little merging of elements. This level of wear is considered desirable among collectors of early coppers, especially when paired with a notable die variety like the 2/1 overdate.
The “details” on this overdate variety can still be discerned at VF25 under good lighting and magnification, particularly the base and left curve of the underlying “1” beneath the “2” in the date. NGC’s encapsulation preserves the coin’s condition and ensures authenticity, giving added confidence to both seasoned numismatists and newer collectors. The holder also bears the full attribution of the variety, typically including the "2/1 Large Date" designation, further enhancing its value and collectibility.
The surfaces of the coin in this grade typically exhibit medium to dark chocolate-brown coloration, a natural patina for circulated early copper. Some small marks, light porosity, or rim ticks may be present, as is normal for copper coins nearly two centuries old. However, in a certified holder and with a clean, original appearance, the coin is likely free of major distractions. Collectors value the balance of detail and age found in VF-grade coins, particularly when the coin remains problem-free and boasts clear variety attributes.
The overdate variety of the 1820 Large Cent has long been cataloged in major numismatic references, including the “Guide Book of United States Coins” (the Red Book) and Sheldon’s Early American Cents. While not the rarest variety of the year, the 2/1 overdate—especially in combination with the Large Date subtype—is a favorite among variety hunters. Interest in early large cents remains strong, and coins with dramatic or visible overdates are especially sought after by specialists aiming to complete die variety sets or track the evolution of Mint engraving practices.
This coin offers historical significance as a tangible artifact from the early federal minting era, long before mechanized coining processes and nationwide coinage uniformity. It serves as a reflection of both the challenges and craftsmanship of early U.S. Mint operations. The use of leftover dies, visible repunching, and small stylistic changes from year to year give each variety its own narrative, and collectors often enjoy the detective-like work of attributing and studying such differences.
In conclusion, the Certified 1820/19 2/1 Large Date Large Cent graded VF25 by NGC is a compelling piece of American numismatic history. It features a desirable overdate variety, a clearly defined Large Date style, and an attractive level of circulated detail. As a certified example, it offers authentication and preservation for the long term, and its combination of affordability, variety interest, and age make it suitable for both type collectors and early copper enthusiasts. This coin bridges the gap between history, art, and economic heritage, and remains a proud representation of the United States Mint’s formative years.