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The Seated Liberty Half Dollar of 1858 is a classic example of American numismatic history, embodying the elegance and artistry of mid-19th century coinage. This coin was struck during a period of significant change and development in the United States, reflecting both the artistic trends and the economic conditions of the time. The Seated Liberty series, which began in 1839, is known for its distinctive design and its role in American monetary history. The 1858 issue, in particular, holds a special place due to its historical context and its place in the broader series.
The history of the Seated Liberty Half Dollar is rooted in the economic and social changes of the early 19th century. Designed by the engraver Christian Gobrecht, the series was introduced to replace the older Capped Bust design. The Seated Liberty design was intended to represent the virtues of liberty and the strength of the nation, using the figure of Liberty as a central motif. By 1858, the coin had been in circulation for nearly two decades, and its design had become a familiar symbol of American coinage. The 1858 issue was part of a series that continued to use this design until 1891, when it was eventually replaced by the Barber series.
The design of the 1858 Seated Liberty Half Dollar is characterized by its classic and dignified portrayal of Liberty. On the obverse, Liberty is seated on a rock, holding a shield in her left hand and a staff topped with a liberty cap in her right. This depiction of Liberty as a seated figure is meant to convey a sense of strength and stability. The surrounding inscriptions read “LIBERTY” and “IN GOD WE TRUST,” reinforcing the values and beliefs of the time. The reverse features an eagle with outstretched wings, clutching arrows and an olive branch, symbolizing both readiness for conflict and the pursuit of peace. The eagle is surrounded by a ribbon with the motto “E PLURIBUS UNUM” and is encircled by thirteen stars, representing the original colonies.
The minting of the 1858 Seated Liberty Half Dollar took place at the Philadelphia Mint, which was the primary minting facility for the United States during that period. The Philadelphia Mint was known for its high-quality coinage and played a crucial role in the production of American coins throughout the 19th century. The 1858 issue, like many other coins of its time, was struck from a mix of silver and copper, resulting in a coin that was both durable and attractive. The coin's specifications include a weight of 12.44 grams and a diameter of 30.6 millimeters, with a reeded edge that helps prevent counterfeiting and wear.
The mintage of the 1858 Seated Liberty Half Dollar was relatively high compared to some other years in the series, with approximately 4.2 million coins struck. This level of production indicates that the coin was widely circulated and used in everyday transactions. However, despite its relatively high mintage, the coin's condition and quality can vary significantly. The Fine grade, in which this particular coin is classified, indicates that the coin has experienced moderate wear but retains a substantial amount of detail. In Fine condition, the coin's design elements are still recognizable, although the high points of the design may show signs of wear and light smoothing.
The condition of the 1858 Seated Liberty Half Dollar in Fine grade reflects its historical usage and circulation. The coin's surfaces may exhibit some scratches, dings, or other marks typical of coins that were used in everyday transactions. Despite this wear, the essential features of the design remain visible, and the coin continues to serve as a tangible link to its historical period. Collectors value coins in Fine condition for their historical authenticity and their ability to convey the coin's usage and journey through history.
In summary, the Seated Liberty Half Dollar of 1858 is a significant piece of American numismatic history, representing the artistry and values of mid-19th century America. The coin's design, featuring the dignified figure of Liberty and the powerful eagle, reflects the strength and ideals of the nation. Minted at the Philadelphia Mint with a substantial mintage, the 1858 Seated Liberty Half Dollar was widely circulated and used in everyday transactions. The coin's Fine condition provides a glimpse into its history and use, making it a valuable addition to any collection of American coins. The 1858 Seated Liberty Half Dollar remains a testament to the enduring legacy of American coinage and its role in shaping the nation's financial history.