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The Great Britain 1 Farthing 1874H KM#753 is a remarkable coin that captures a significant period in British numismatic history. This farthing, though a small denomination, played a vital role in the everyday economic transactions of Victorian Britain. Issued during Queen Victoria's reign, this coin is a testament to the meticulous craftsmanship of the Royal Mint and its subsidiary operations.
The history of the farthing dates back several centuries, serving as an essential part of British coinage. By the 19th century, the farthing was widely used for minor transactions, allowing people to purchase small items such as newspapers, foodstuffs, and other everyday goods. The 1874H farthing is particularly notable as it was minted during a time of significant industrial and economic expansion in Britain.
The obverse of the 1874H farthing features the iconic "Bun Head" portrait of Queen Victoria, who reigned from 1837 to 1901. This design, created by Leonard Charles Wyon, depicts the young queen with her hair styled in a bun, a distinctive feature that became synonymous with her early and mid-reign coinage. The inscription around the portrait reads "VICTORIA D:G: BRITT: REG: F:D:," which stands for "Victoria, by the Grace of God, Queen of the Britains, Defender of the Faith." This legend emphasizes her sovereign authority and the divine right of the monarchy.
The reverse of the coin showcases Britannia seated facing right, holding a trident in one hand and a shield in the other. This imagery has been a longstanding symbol of British strength, particularly its naval power. Below Britannia, the denomination "FARTHING" is prominently displayed, with the date "1874" beneath it. The "H" mintmark indicates that this coin was struck at the Heaton Mint in Birmingham, a private mint contracted by the Royal Mint to produce coins during periods of high demand.
Minted in bronze, the 1874H farthing weighs approximately 2.8 grams and has a diameter of about 20 millimeters. The switch to bronze from the earlier copper coins marked an advancement in minting technology, providing a more durable and corrosion-resistant coinage material. This composition was better suited to withstand the rigors of everyday use, ensuring the coin's longevity in circulation.
The mintage of the 1874H farthing was substantial, reflecting the coin's importance in the daily lives of Victorian Britons. However, exact mintage figures are often difficult to determine due to historical record-keeping practices. Coins produced at the Heaton Mint are known for their quality and precision, contributing to their desirability among collectors today.
In terms of condition, coins in Very Fine (VF) grade, like the 1874H farthing, exhibit moderate wear but retain a good amount of detail. In VF condition, the major elements of Queen Victoria's portrait and Britannia are clearly visible, though they show signs of circulation. The wear is generally even, and the coin still maintains an appealing appearance, making it a valuable piece for collectors.
Great Britain has a rich and varied numismatic history, with coins like the 1874H farthing serving as tangible links to the past. These coins provide insights into the economic conditions, technological advancements, and artistic standards of their time. Collecting farthings offers a window into the daily life of Victorian Britain, highlighting the importance of small denominations in the broader economy.
One interesting fact about Great Britain during the Victorian era is its leadership in the Industrial Revolution. This period saw unprecedented technological advancements and economic growth, making Britain the world's leading industrial power. The imagery of Britannia on the farthing, with her trident and shield, symbolizes Britain's naval dominance and its control over global trade routes, reinforcing the nation's influence and power during this transformative era.
The Great Britain 1 Farthing 1874H KM#753 in Very Fine condition is a valuable piece for collectors, offering a glimpse into the Victorian era. Its design, historical context, and the era it represents make it a cherished artifact for numismatists and historians alike. This coin remains a testament to the enduring legacy of Britain's numismatic heritage, bridging the past and present through its exquisite craftsmanship and historical significance.