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The Great Britain 1 penny 1918 KM#810 XF is a notable coin in British numismatic history, embodying the economic and cultural context of the early 20th century. Minted during the reign of King George V, this coin is valued for its intricate design, historical significance, and the craftsmanship of the Royal Mint. The penny was a fundamental part of British coinage, extensively used for everyday transactions and forming a crucial component of the country's monetary system.
The penny has a long history in British currency, dating back to the early medieval period. By the 19th century, it had become an essential denomination, facilitating various transactions and making commerce more manageable. The 1918 penny is part of the bronze coinage introduced in 1860, which replaced the larger copper pennies. This transition reflected advancements in minting technology and the need for more practical coinage during the Victorian era and continuing into the Edwardian and Georgian eras.
The obverse of the 1918 penny features the portrait of King George V, designed by Bertram Mackennal. This depiction of George V shows the king facing left, with a regal and dignified expression. The inscription "GEORGIVS V DEI GRA BRITT OMN REX FID DEF IND IMP" surrounds the portrait, which translates to "George V, by the Grace of God, King of all the Britains, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India." This portrait was used throughout George V's reign from 1910 to 1936, reflecting his role as a symbol of stability and continuity during a period marked by global upheaval and transformation.
The reverse design of the Great Britain 1 penny 1918 KM#810 was created by Leonard Charles Wyon. It features Britannia, the personification of Britain, seated and facing right. Britannia is depicted holding a trident in her left hand and a shield bearing the Union Jack in her right. The word "ONE PENNY" is inscribed above, and the date "1918" is below, flanked by two sea waves, further emphasizing the maritime theme. This design symbolizes Britain's naval power and maritime heritage, which were crucial during the era of the British Empire.
The coin is struck in bronze, a material chosen for its durability and resistance to wear. The bronze composition, consisting of 95% copper, 4% tin, and 1% zinc, provided the coins with a distinctive color and robustness suitable for everyday use. The 1918 penny measures approximately 30.8 millimeters in diameter and weighs around 9.4 grams, making it a substantial and visually appealing coin.
The mintage of the 1918 penny was significant, as it was produced to meet the demands of a growing population and a bustling economy during World War I. Although precise mintage figures are not readily available, the coin is relatively common compared to other pennies of the era. Despite the high production numbers, the condition of surviving coins varies, with well-preserved examples being particularly sought after by collectors.
The condition of this specific coin is graded as Extremely Fine (XF), indicating that it has seen minimal circulation and retains most of its original detail. Coins in XF condition show only slight wear on the highest points of the design, with sharp details and a pleasing overall appearance. For collectors, a coin in XF grade represents an excellent balance between affordability and preserving historical detail.
During King George V's reign, the British Empire experienced substantial political and economic changes, including the challenges of World War I. The penny coinage of this period reflects the technological advancements and artistic achievements of the era. The detailed designs by Bertram Mackennal and Leonard Charles Wyon showcase the skill and craftsmanship of the Royal Mint, making these coins valuable pieces of history.
Collectors treasure the Great Britain 1 penny 1918 KM#810 not only for its numismatic worth but also for its historical significance. Each coin serves as a tangible link to the Georgian era, offering insights into the social and economic conditions of the time. The penny was a common coin in everyday transactions, making it a direct connection to the lives of ordinary people during the early 20th century.
British coinage has a long tradition of celebrating the nation's history and heritage through detailed and meaningful designs. The 1918 penny is a prime example of this tradition, encapsulating the essence of Georgian Britain and the values of the era. Its presence in the hands of collectors today helps preserve the legacy of a transformative period in British history.
Great Britain in the early 20th century was a leading global power, driven by advancements in technology and the expansion of its global trade networks. The period was marked by significant developments in industry, science, and culture. The nation's extensive railway network, for instance, facilitated the efficient movement of goods and people, contributing to economic growth and urbanization. Additionally, Britain was known for its global influence and the vastness of its empire, which was often said to be so extensive that the sun never set on it.
In conclusion, the Great Britain 1 penny 1918 KM#810 XF is a remarkable numismatic artifact. Its design, historical context, and condition make it a prized addition to any collection. This coin not only represents a period of significant change and growth in British history but also showcases the enduring legacy of King George V's reign and the artistry of the Royal Mint.